Bear Facts

Bears (Ursus species) are large, four-legged mammals that have a unique status in pop culture. They are not quite as cuddly as dogs or cats; not quite as dangerous as wolves or mountain lions; but they are decidedly ever-compelling objects of fear, admiration, and even envy.  Found in a variety of environments from Arctic ice pack to tropical forests, bears live on every continent except Antarctica. Fast Facts: Bears Scientific Name: Ursus sppCommon Names: Bear, pandaBasic Animal Group: Mammal  Size (length): Sun bear: 4–5 feet; brown bear: 5–10 feetWeight: Sun bear: 60–150 pounds; brown bear 180–1300 poundsLifespan: 20–35 yearsDiet:  OmnivoreHabitat: Woodlands, grasslands, deserts, temperate and tropical forests, on all continents except AntarcticaConservation Status: Least Concern: Brown bears, American black bear; Vulnerable: sloth bear, polar bear, giant panda, sun bear, spectacled bear, Asian black bear Description With some minor exceptions, all eight bear species have  roughly the same appearance: large torsos, stocky legs, narrow snouts, long hair, and short tails. With their plantigrade postures—walking upright on two feet—bears  walk flat-footed on the ground like humans but unlike most other mammals. Bears range in color with species: Black, brown and Andean bears are typically red-brown to black; polar bears are generally white to yellow; Asiatic bears are black to brown with a white patch and sun bears are brown with a yellow crescent on their chest.  They range in size from the sun bear (47 inches tall and weighing 37 pounds) to the polar bear, (nearly 10 feet tall and weighing 1,500 pounds).   Buck Shreck/Getty Images Species Scientists recognize eight species as well as numerous subspecies of bears, which live in different regions, that have differences in body shape and coloration. American black bears  (Ursus americanus)  live in  North America and Mexico; their diet consists primarily of leaves, buds, shoots, berries, and nuts. Subspecies of this bear include the cinnamon bear, the glacier bear, the Mexican black bear, the Kermode bear, the Louisiana black bear,  and several others. Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus)  live in Southeast Asia and the Russian Far East. They have blocky bodies and patches of yellowish-white fur on their chests, but otherwise resemble American black bears in body shape, behavior, and diet.   Brown bears (Ursus arctos)  are some of the worlds largest terrestrial meat-eating mammals. They range across North America, Europe, and Asia and include numerous subspecies, such as the Carpathian bear, the European brown bear, the Gobi bear, the grizzly bear, the Kodiak bear,  and several others. Polar bears  (Ursus maritimus)  rival brown bears in size. These bears are restricted to a circumpolar region in the Arctic, reaching south into northern Canada and Alaska. When theyre not living on pack ice and shorelines, polar bears swim in open water, feeding  on seals and walruses. Giant pandas  (Aeluropoda melanoleuca)  feed almost exclusively on bamboo shoots and leaves in the central and southern regions of western China. These distinctly patterned bears have black bodies, white faces, black ears,  and black eyespots.   Sloth bears (Melursus ursinus)  stalk the grasslands, forests, and scrublands of Southeast Asia. These bears have long, shaggy coats of fur and white chest marks; they feed on termites, which they find using their acute sense of smell. Spectacled bears  (Tremarctos ornatos) are the only bears native to South America, inhabiting cloud forests at elevations over 3,000 feet. These bears once lived in coastal deserts and high-elevation grasslands, but human encroachment  has restricted their range. Sun bears  (Helarctos malayanos) live in the lowland tropical forests of Southeast Asia. These small ursines  have the shortest fur of any bear species, their chests marked with light, reddish-brown, U-shaped patches of fur. Diet and Behavior Most bears are omnivorous, feasting opportunistically on animals, fruits, and vegetables, with two important outliers: The polar bear is almost exclusively carnivorous, preying on seals and walruses, and the panda bear subsists entirely on bamboo shoots. Oddly enough, though, pandas digestive systems are relatively well adapted to eating meat. Because the vast majority of bears live in high northern latitudes, they need a way to survive the winter months when food is dangerously scarce. Evolutions solution is hibernation: Bears go into a deep sleep, lasting for months, during which their heart rates and metabolic processes slow drastically. Being in hibernation isnt like being in a coma. If sufficiently roused, a bear can wake up in the middle of its hibernation, and females have even been known to give birth in the deep of winter. Fossil evidence also supports  cave lions preying on hibernating cave bears during the last Ice Age, though some of these bears woke up and killed the unwelcome intruders. Bears may be the most antisocial mammals on the face of the earth. Full-grown bears are almost entirely solitary. This is good news for campers who accidentally encounter lone grizzlies in the wild, but quite unusual when compared with other carnivorous and omnivorous mammals, ranging from wolves to pigs, that tend to congregate in at least small groups. Depending on species, a bears basic communication needs can be expressed with  about seven or eight different words—huffs, chomps, groans, roars, woofs, growls, hums, or barks. The most dangerous sounds for humans are roars and growls, which denote a frightened or agitated bear defending its territory. Huffs are generally produced during mating and courtship rituals; hums—a bit like the purrs of cats, but much louder—are deployed by cubs to demand attention from their mothers, and moans express anxiety or a sense of danger. Giant pandas have a slightly different vocabulary than their ursine brethren: In addition to the sounds described above, they can also chirp, honk, and bleat. Evolutionary History Given the proliferation of so-called bear dogs millions of years ago—including the standard-bearer of the family, Amphicyon—you might assume that modern bears are most closely related to dogs. In fact, molecular analysis shows that the closest living relatives of bears are pinnipeds, the family of marine mammals that includes seals and walruses. Both of these mammalian families descend from a last common ancestor, or concestor, that lived sometime during the Eocene epoch, about 40 million or 50 million years ago. The exact identity of the progenitor species, however, remains a matter of speculation. Given that the populations of medieval Europe didnt have much contact with polar bears or panda bears, it makes sense that European peasants  associated bears with the color brown—which is where the English name of this animal derives, from the old Germanic root bera. Bears are also known as  ursines, a word that has ancient roots in Proto-Indo-European languages that were spoken as far back as 3500 BCE. The long history of this word makes sense, given that the first human settlers of Eurasia lived in close proximity to cave bears  and sometimes worshiped these beasts as gods. Amphicyon, the bear dog. Wikimedia Commons Reproduction and Offspring Like their close cousins seals and walruses, bears are some of the most sexually dimorphic animals on earth—that is to say, male bears  are significantly bigger than females​, and, what is more, the bigger the species, the larger  the disparity in size. In the largest brown bear subspecies, for instance, males weigh about 1,000 pounds and females only slightly more than half that. However, even though female bears are smaller than males, theyre not exactly helpless. They vigorously defend their cubs from male bears, not to mention any humans foolish enough to interfere with the child-rearing process. Male bears, however, will sometimes attack and kill cubs of their own kind, in order to induce females to breed again. Although there are some differences among the species, in general, female bears generally become sexually mature at between 4 and 8 years of age and have litters every three or four years. Bear breeding occurs during the summers—it is the only time when adult bears get together at all—but implantation doesnt typically occur until late autumn. Total gestation time is 6.5–9 months. Cubs are born singly or up to three at a time, generally in January or February, while the mother is still in hibernation. The young usually stay with their mother for two years. After mating, females are left to raise the young by themselves for a period of about three years, at which point—eager to breed with other males—the mothers chase the cubs away to fend for themselves. James Hager / Getty Images Threats Considering that early humans used to worship bears as gods, our relationship with ursines hasnt exactly been stellar over the last few hundred years. Bears are especially susceptible to habitat destruction, are often hunted for sport, and tend to become the scapegoats whenever campers are attacked in the wild or garbage cans are overturned in suburbs. Today, the largest threats to bears are deforestation and human encroachment, and, for polar bears, climate change which is reducing the environment in which they live. On the whole, black and brown bears are holding their own, even though adverse interactions with humans have increased as their habitats become more constricted. Conservation Status According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the sun bear, sloth bear, Asiatic, and spectacled bears are all listed as Vulnerable and decreasing in population; the polar bear is also listed as Vulnerable but its population status is unknown. The American black bear and brown bear is considered Least Concern and increasing in numbers. The giant panda is Vulnerable but increasing in population.   Bears and Humans Within the past 10,000 years, human beings have domesticated cats, dogs, pigs, and cattle—so why not bears, an animal with which Homo sapiens has coexisted since the end of the Pleistocene epoch? One explanation is that since bears are intensely solitary animals, theres no room for a human trainer to insert himself into the dominance hierarchy as the alpha male. Bears also pursue such varied diets that it would be difficult to keep even a tame population well-supplied. Perhaps most importantly, bears are anxious and aggressive when stressed, and simply dont have suitable personalities to be  house  or yard pets. Sources Dharaiya, N., H.S. Bargali, and T. Sharp. Melursus ursinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T13143A45033815, 2016.McLellan, B.N.et al. Ursus arctos (amended version of 2017 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T41688A121229971, 2017.Scotson, L. et al. Helarctos . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T9760A123798233, 2017.malayanus (errata version published in 2018)Swaisgood, R., D. Wang, and F. Wei.Ailuropoda melanoleuca (errata version published in 2017). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T712A12174566, 2016. Wiig, Ø. et al. Ursus maritimus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T22823A14871490, 2015.

The Education System Has Been Failing Students As Time...

The education system has been failing students as time progresses. Because of cutbacks that affects the quality of education and lack of necessary equipment in high schools, teachers fail to make students engaged and feel passionate about education. Every morning, it is the same routine, forty minutes here or an hour there just to sit in a classroom and learn nothing because students do not find the lectures interesting. In The past year, the school reformed commission decided to close 23 public schools to reduce the citywide debt and in May the final decision was reached And they decided to lay off school faculties, teachers, principals also cutting back on extracurricular activities and school supplies music and art programs And much more. A lot of faculty members have been unemployed and most of the classes were overcrowded due to lack of funding. One thing that triggers this crisis was the loss of federal funds that were used as an aid, not just Philadelphia but for other districts in the states. Gov. Corbett additionally cut back on other education costs essential to Philadelphia, including Charter Reimbursement that costs the district more than a Hundred million. Since the Budget cuts District school lost a lot after this incident since after the budget cuts most of the faculties got fired, leaving most of the staff got left behind triple their usual work for the same amount. Other than that, many clubs were forced to shut down and the clubs that did stay theShow MoreRelatedThis Field Observation Was An Eye Opening Experience1750 Words   |  7 PagesCounty. I was excited to be assigned special education class because these classes have their own issues as it pertains to education. I was not shocked at all to see how alienated this class was from the rest of the school. 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Insert Surname Free Essays

Fear is one aspects of human life that can make or break the life of a hero. Being a leader entails a lot in ones life and there are various things that come with leadership. In the ancient set up, leaders normally went to war and they had to come back home having fulfilled their mission. We will write a custom essay sample on Insert Surname or any similar topic only for you Order Now While away, they met or rather faced several challenges that made them either strong or fade away. Kingdoms were founded on the major aspects of how strong ones army was. Gilgamesh was a real person being one of the leaders of the proto-literate Uruk. The life and achievements of Gilgamesh illustrates the importance of striving for the best as well as the values of overcoming fear of death. Gilgamesh goes out to a mission and encounters major magic helpers then later comes home to his community with major benefits to the community. To be a hero takes a lot in the human life. A leader has to be very daring. He has to meet many things that are really challenging. If a leader is not strong enough, his or her people will suffer to oblivion and thus the essence of heroism comes in. Gilgamesh in this epic is described as a great hero who was fearless and had to face a lot for his people (Sandars 21). He is described as one person who was really fearless and met the extremes of human experiences for the benefit of his lovely community. During his expedition, he experienced magnificence and at the same time went through a lot of human existence extremes. This is clearly elaborated in this sweet story of the ancient times. Gilgamesh was two-thirds god and this is one of the rare parentages of the ancient times. People like Achilles were the only caliber of people who had this kind of special parentage. Before his actualization of the heroism in him, Gilgamesh spends most of the time engaging in non-profitable things like taking away other people’s wives. He later reasons and learns that he ought to do a lot for his community that is beneficial. He goes out to fight and kill monsters so that the world can be restored (Sandars 77). Fear is one thing that can make a great people to be reduced to nothing. It takes a brave leader like Gilgamesh to stand out of the crowd and do something that will outlive them and live to the generations to come. The things that Gilgamesh has to go through in the woods while in his mission demand for a brave man. It would be useless for him to get to the woods if he were a coward. The woods were very thick and it would only take a brave man to pursue this great mission. We can compare this great hero with other heroes in the ancient times. Achilles was one such hero who chose a short life with glory than a long one with glory. It took one to in the ancient world to fight in the front line so that they could be termed great heroes. Achilles really made this realization for he accomplished his mission in the battle fields and he is in the top list of the ancient heroes. This was the kind of heroic codes that were highly revered to in the ancient times. It is very clear how Gilgamesh is determined and not scared by the monsters even after he witnesses the death of his friend Enkindu. In spite of the many dangers in the woods, Gilgamesh goes beyond the normal limits to realize the immortality (Sandars 118). His divine parentage makes him the brave man he is and this makes him bring glory to the community he belonged . The above clearly tells us that fear is a great threat to human condition. When fear grips humans, there are many things that cannot be realized. Naturally, human condition is filled with fear and it takes only the brave to stand out of the crowd and do the most desirable. If Gilgamesh had been filled with fear, the great things he did for his community would not be realized. His community would never be recognized as great and his name would not be remembered at all. The text relates to real life in that we basically use literature and hidden meanings to express contagious issues; witchcraft, death and spirits. Gilgamesh comes out as the character that is making the text meaningful, since he helps in developing the plots of the text; he appears most often in the text (Sandars 62). The ability to overcome fear of any form is the beginning of success to the human endeavors. It is with great courage that a person can conquer and make the people that come after him or her to enjoy the benefits of the great works accomplished. Gilgamesh’s extra-ordinary determination to achieve is a proof beyond doubt. Work Cited Sandars, N. K. The Epic of Gilgamesh: An English version with introduction. United Kingdom, Penguin Classics Publishers, 2003. How to cite Insert Surname, Papers

Oz Business operations

Question: Discuss about the Oz Business operations. Answer: Introduction According to the case study information, Oz Supermarket is certainly a small business enterprise (retail) that specializes in selling of household, stationery and non-perishable goods. Most of the retail businesses are usually located near residential areas of the possible and potential consumers and also far away from the town markets. This simply means that they have to sell in small quantities, at an affordable price and the products must be of good quality as well. These characteristics of the goods are the main attractive features of a customer towards purchasing any product. However, just like every business organization, Oz supermarket faces some challenges in during its business operations. Nevertheless, it is important for every business device some way to find solutions for their current and also the anticipated challenges and problems which may impose negative impacts to its operations. Business control and management should therefore be the main focus of either the manage r or other leaders to be able to succeed. Un-equality Treatments to Customers Service and Treatment Apparently, the use of the new technology is a very effective way to the customers as well as the supermarket itself. For the customer it reduces time wastage and therefore this may encourage many customers into visiting the store. However, the fact that the supermarket does not accept cash except from tourists and children will limit most of the customers that may want to pay it a visit. This means that the business does not treat all customers equally. Additionally, the fact that they have only one mode of payment for local adult customers does not make it the best customer service treatment. Also, for those using cash, they must follow a certain rule so that they can be given a card to be able to shop which is a clearly a time wastage. That makes the business rules seem completely tiresome and difficult to obey and especially for those in a hurry who are charged more. The business also inflicts different car parking charges for different customers and at different times of the season which is purely not professional. This may act as a way to push away some customers who may not afford the high charges when the time come and so they opt to go somewhere else. Every business organization should make sure that they prioritize on customers needs and satisfaction. Also it is important for every customer to be treated equally with the others to encourage them into being better and loyal customers. Product Stock The business specializes in selling household goods, stationery and the non-perishable goods. According to this fact (products that they are selling), Oz supermarket is mostly situated in around a residential area where most of the consumers are the direct consumers. These kind of products are used by people either for house decoration, repair, beauty and coziness to name just but a few uses. Additionally, since the goods are non-perishable, most of them are normally used for long periods and can go for e.g. months or years before they expire or go stale. This means that once they are purchased, it may take a longer time for the customer/consumer to purchase them again. Technology Changes The business decided to change its product and service payment method from cash payment to Pay Wave which means that there was more use of technology or machines that the actual human labor (Greg et al, 2009). In addition to that, RFID card readers are situated in every customer troll whose job is to record every item that is picked from the shelf by the customer and puts it on the payment queue. Therefore, as the customer finishes their shopping, the payment is done almost immediately and therefore no queuing in the end. By doing this, Oz supermarket creates an advantage for itself like: reduces labor costs for the business, reduces time for customer queuing and easy to manage and control. However it also creates challenges for itself and creates pressure to the economy by reducing job opportunities (like the cashiers and store helpers, supermarket consultants), encouraging theft, discouraging customers with no cards from purchasing products (like the tourists and children), making it expensive to fund (there are machines that are installed whose purpose is to give a summary of the picked product list, the RFID chips) to name just but a few disadvantages. Therefore, this means that customers are completely limited to what to use when shopping i.e. Pay Wave method only. A business should have different payment methods for customers the best for them (Magdy et al, 2011). This is clearly unfair customer treatment which should not be practiced in the business world because disadvantages are likely going to out-do the advantages. Recommendation Customer Equality Also the supermarket should try to treat the customers as equals. When it comes to car parking charges, the business charges its customers differently at times of the year. Well, as they charge the normal people for car parking, they do not charge the disabled. By doing this they portray the idea of taking advantage of their customers to benefit themselves. Therefore, Oz should find a way to make its customers feel valued by treating them as equals unless circumstances force. This is likely going to encourage into investing towards customer satisfaction rather than to themselves. Method of Payment The business permits just one payment method from the customers which is clearly not sensible. They encourage the use of cards only and not cash unless for tourists and children. In the business world it is important for businesses to encourage a variety of payment methods to encourage more customers into buying. E.g. the business can consider the use of mobile NFC payment method as well. Apparently it is almost the same as their current method but its benefit is than it can be installed in mobile phones. Commuter cards and credit cards. This certainly gives the customers a chance to choose whichever method to use for payment either cash or others (Shanta, 2007). This is certainly another way of attracting more customers into buying form a certain business. Services Offered Customer service is divided into three categories which are: in-store assistance, transaction processing and handling of complaints. This means effective customer treatment which the supermarket does not practice since their operations are mostly done by machines. In the business world, it is important for a business to encourage more customer-employee relations which increases customer loyalty which is not a priority for Oz supermarket. Therefore, the business should consider changing its customer service methods into a better and effective method which should mostly involve workers rather than machines (David et al, 2013). By doing this, they will create more jobs, relate with customers at a higher level, improve customer loyalty but most importantly know the customers needs. Improving Customer Feedback This relates to the way the customers think and say about the products and services provided by a business. It is one of the best ways for a business to grow and develop itself. However, Oz supermarket may not have any idea about the importance of this practice simply because nothing is mentioned about it. Therefore, the following ways can help any business improve its customers feedback: Conducting Surveys This includes going to visit the consumer residences and learning about their actual needs, wants, desires, cultures, believes, financial status and many other things that may help the business produce the right product for them. Social listening This involves the use of social media. Apart from it being a way of advertising, it also helps maintain the current customers and attract potential ones. However, the seller has to be fast in replying and commenting on whatever is written about the business or product. Feedback boxes Meant for customers to comment on the services provided and products bought. This information can help improve the business positively and correct the mistakes that may be made to customers (Bowling, 2006). Using of customer relationship software It is used to contact their customers, view their comments, receiving orders, advertising their products and prices among other things that relate to a customer and a seller. Here the customers views are more honest and open hence better effects to both the business and the consumers. Direct customer confrontation Involves talking to the customer directly and knowing what they think about the product or service. It is the most effective way to get direct answer from the customer themselves. Therefore making the information more reliable and effective to business changes. Improving Product Quality Review Every business should be able to produce and sell good quality products to be able to capture customers well. Conducting product reviews at different times of the business year helps make sure that the quality is still good and improving. A good quality product with high price is likely going to attract more customers and create customer loyalty than low quality product at low price (Magdy G et al, 2011). Therefore, product quality is one of the aspects of a business product that can be able to improve its operations hence lead to growth and development. The following are ways in which a business can improve its operations by improving its product quality reviews: Conducting Product Quality Reviews Consistency of product reviews is normally a way of confirming the manufacturing process, production process, raw material quality and the actual quality of the end product (El-Sayed, 2007). Through the reviews, a business will be in a position to correct any possible mistakes that may have come up in either stages of production on time. In addition to that, the business will be able to come up with ways and strategies to deal with any other type of defect that may arise in future. By doing this they will be able to improve every aspect of the product being sold by the business and therefore be able to produce the best quality for the product. Also, by succeeding in this, the business will improve it general business operations because there will be growth and development. Conducting Consumer Product Reviews Customers will always give an idea of what the product should look like based on their own needs and preferences. Nonetheless, they will be giving the business owner an idea of what the product must look like in terms of price, quality, packaging, storage, manufacturing, raw material used among other resources used in any product production (El-Sayed, 2008). When a business conducts customer reviews and put them into action or implement the ideas then the customers are likely going to feel appreciated, valued and needed by the business. This will encourage more customers to the business with an aim of having their needs and wants satisfied to their level. Price Level Setting Product prices should always be reasonable and most importantly affordable for consumers. When prices are extremely high, the possibility of the consumers buying the products is very low and when they are very the possibility of the consumers trusting the product is very high. Apparently when product prices rise, the product quality should also be better to reduce the chances of complaints from consumers. Also, if a business owner decides to increase the prices, it is important for him/her to notify the customers a three to four weeks earlier before it is actually done. This will give the customers another reason to trust the seller. Businesses should also always consider a comparison of its products prices with that of its competitors (Stanley, 2011). The prices should not vary with a big margin as long as the products are the same. If this becomes the case, then the competitors will absolutely get the advantage of having more customers than the business which means increase in sale and hence more profits and growth. Therefore, a business should be able to set the prices at a level that is affordable to the consumers but also a level that can bring the profits. This is actually a better way to benefit the consumers as well as benefit the business itself. By doing this, the business will have a chance to improve its operations simply because more customers will be available and therefore growth in all fields. References Magdy G. Abdel-Kader, 2011. Review ofmanagementaccounting research edited. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan Magdy G. G. Abdel, Professor. Abdel Kader, 2011. Review ofManagementAccounting Research. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK: Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan, Springer eBooks Greg L. Stewart, Kenneth G. Brown. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons c2009. Human resource management: linking strategy to practice David A. DeCenzo, Stephen P. Robbins, Susan L. Verhulst.11th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons c2013. Fundamentals of human resource management El-Sayed Abou-Zeid [editor], 2008.Hershey: Information Science Reference c2008. Knowledgemanagementand business strategies: theoretical frameworks and empirical research El-Sayed. Abou-Zeid, 2007. KnowledgeManagementand Business Strategies Theoretical Frameworks and Empirical Research. Hershey: IGI GlobalStanley C. Abraham, 2011. Strategic Planning a Practical Guide for Competitive Success, 2nd ed.: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Shanta. Acharya, 2007. Endowment AssetManagementInvestment Strategies in Oxford and Cambridge, Oxford: Oxford University PressEmerald Group Publishing Limited, 2005. International journal of organizational analysis: Online)The international journal of organizational analysis.Bingley, UK.Bowling Green, 2006. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Analysis., KY: 3-R Executive Systems c1993-c2003 journal. Bradford, West Yorkshire, England:Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business andManagement2010. Graziadio business review.Los Angeles, CA: IEEE Accountants, 2007. Journal, New York, NY. London: The Institute 1965-c2000 NSW: University of Technology, 2008. Economics,managementand financial markets, Woodside, N. Y.: Addleton Academic Publishers 2006, Broadway, SydneyLarisa, 2008. Practicalissuesinmanagement economics. Greece: PRIMEDordrecht, 2000. Information technology management(Online) Information technology management.: Kluwer Academic PublishersMalibu, Calif, 2000. Customer relationshipmanagement(Malibu, Calif.)Customer relationshipmanagement: CRM.: Freedom Technology Media Group